| x +
1 |
x plus one |
| x
-1 |
x minus one |
| x
± 1 |
x plus or
minus one |
| xy |
x y;
x times y; x multiplied by y |
| (x
— y)(x + y) |
x
minus y, x plus y |
| x/y |
x
over y;
x
divided by y; |
| x ÷ y |
x
divided by y |
| x = 5 |
x equals
5; x is equal to 5 |
| x ≈
y |
x is approximately equal to y |
| x ≡ y |
x is
equivalent to y; x is
identical with y |
| x ≠ y |
x is not equal to y |
| x
> y |
x
is greater than y |
| x
< y |
x
is less than y |
| x ≥
y |
x is
greater than or equal to y |
| x ≤ y |
x is less than or equal to y |
| 0
< x <
1 |
zero is less
than
x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1 |
| 0 ≤ x ≤
1 |
zero is less
than or equal to
x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and
less than or equal to 1 |
| x² |
x squared |
| x³ |
x cubed |
| x4 |
x to the
fourth; x to the power
four |
| xn |
x to the n; x to the nth; x
to the power n |
| x-n |
x to the
minus n; x
to the power of minus n |
| √ |
root x; square root x; the square
root of x |
| ∛ |
the cube root of x |
| ∜ |
the fourth root of x |
 |
the nth root of x |
| (x + y)² |
x plus y all squared |
| (x/y)² |
x over y all squared |
| n! |
n factorial; factorial n |
| x% |
x percent |
| ∞ |
infinity |
| x ∝ y |
x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y |
| x ∝ 1/y |
x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to
y |
| ẋ |
x dot |
| ẍ |
x double dot |
| f(x) fx |
f of x; the function of x |
| f'(x) |
f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x |
| f''x |
f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with
respect to x |
| f'''(x) |
f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative
of f with respect to x |
| f(4) |
f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x |
| ∂v |
the partial derivative of v |
∂v
∂θ |
delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v
with respect to θ |
∂²v
∂θ² |
delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial
derivative of v with respect to θ |
| dv |
the derivative of v |
dv
dθ |
d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to
theta |
d²v
dθ² |
d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v
with respect to theta, |
| ∫ |
integral |
 |
integral from zero to infinity |
| ∑ |
sum |
 |
the sum from i equals 1 to n |
| w.r.t. |
with respect to |
| logey |
log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural
log (of) y |
| ∴ |
therefore |
| ∵ |
because |
| → |
gives, approaches |
| Δx → 0 |
delta x approaches zero |
lim
Δx→0
|
the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero |
Lt
Δx→0 |
the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero |
| m/sec |
metres per second |
| x ∈ A |
x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A |
| x∉ A |
x does not belong to A; x is not a member of
A; x is not an element of A |
| A⊂ B |
A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B |
| A ⊆ B |
A is contained in B; A is a subset of B |
| A ⋂ B |
A intersection B |
| A ⋃ B |
A union B |
| cos x |
cos x; cosine x |
| sin x |
sine x |
| tan x |
tangent x, tan x |
| cosec x |
cosec x |
| sinh x |
shine x |
| cosh x |
cosh x |
| tanh x |
than x |
| |x| |
mod x; modulus x |
| 18 ℃ |
eighteen degrees Centigrade |
| 70 ℉ |
seventy degrees Fahrenheit |